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Meet 2025’s March Madness Winner: Epaulette Shark

4/23/2025

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Image Source: Epaulette Shark (Hemicyllium ocellatum) by Julia Saper via iNaturalist

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By: Christina Andrea Alvear

Meet the Walking Shark!


If Nancy Sinatra could sing to this winning shark, she’d sing:

These fins were made for walkin’
And that’s just what they’ll do
One of these days, these fins are gonna walk all over you!


Can a shark walk in shallow reef flats? The Epaulette shark can! When this shark experiences temperature fluctuations and low oxygen levels, it just uses its paddlel-ike pectoral fins to crawl to the next area.  This walking pattern has been described as a salamander-like walking gait.  The shark has a slender eel body type that allows it to hide in nooks and crannies of coral beds.  This shark has a creamy brown color speckled with spots and a characteristic pair of black false eyespots ringed in white above its pectoral fins.  Contrary to other deep sea shark predators, this shark’s rounded snout, nasal barbells, and bulging cat-like eyes make it look like a grumpy cat you’d want to cuddle! They frequently come in contact with humans and can be kept in a large aquarium, but are best appreciated at a distance in their natural habitat.  These sharks usually do not exceed 3 ft and live for 20-25 years.

The Story Behind the Name Epaulette


An epaulette is an ornamental shoulder piece used in the military to show a soldier’s rank.  Image source: Epaulette by Pearson Scott Foresman, public domain via Wikimedia commons 



The epaulette shark was named after its false eye spots that rest off the edge of the pectoral fins.  These spots are black with a white border and are thought to resemble epaulettes on a military shoulder.  Besides its main name, the epaulette shark has other aliases: blind shark, carpet shark, cat shark, and walking shark.  

Shark Diet
These sharks are bottom feeders with different food preferences during various times of their development.  As juveniles, epaulette sharks prefer polychaete worms and as adults they prefer crabs.  Overall when they are not eating their food of choice, they eat small bony fish and shrimp.  They are nocturnal hunters, but have also been seen hunting at dusk and dawn.

Habitat
You can find these walking sharks off the coasts of Australia and Papua New Guinea.
Epaulette sharks prefer to spend their time in the warm shallow water of coral reefs and tidal pools.  During the breeding season, August to December, females will lay 2 eggs in a sac every two weeks.  These eggs are laid near coral rocks where they can become entangled and locked into place.

Predators
The shark’s natural predators are larger sharks and fish such as groupers.

Threats
According to the IUCN, these sharks are not facing a significant threat of extinction, however they are still being monitored because of their potential decline due to climate change, habitat destruction, pollution, and the aquarium trade.

Support Our Cause
With your help and support, you can help MISS support researchers of color interested in pursuing research to better understand and conserve these sharks.

Thanks for reading and stay tuned for more updates on MISS!   


Interested in Learning More? Feel free to explore the MISS website and these links below. 

  • Epaulette Shark Walks on Land-Nature on PBS
  • Aquarium of the Pacific-Epaulette Shark
  • Research paper-The science behind the walking and swimming of the epaulette shark
  • Tennessee Aquarium-Epaulette Shark



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Ocean Conservation with Spongebob Squarepants

4/10/2025

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By: Christina Andrea Alvear
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Image Source: Spongebob and Gary (both images) SpongeBob SquarePants character montage by Nickelodeon (NickRewind) CC BY 3.0 via Wikimedia commons

Hellooo everybody! Do you know what I love more than jelly fishin’? Savin the Sea! Baaahahahahahaha! I’ve partnered with MISS to talk about conservation.  Savin the Sea is super important because lately I see a whole lotta trash in Bikini Bottom.  

The Problem
Last week, I saw Mrs. Puff stuck in a plastic six pack ring.  I found a plastic straw stuck in Gary’s shell and Squidward had to clean small bits of plastic from his clarinet.  The problem isn’t just in Bikini Bottom, it's everywhere! Plastic waste makes up 80% of all marine pollution.  By 2050, plastic will likely outweigh all fish in the sea.

What you can do
There’s a whole lot to do when savin the sea! How do we remember all of this? Use the 4 R’s: Refuse, Reuse, Reduce, and Recycle.  If you have time to do more, join a beach clean up! 

Refuse
Say “nooo thanks!” to disposable items.  For example, when I order a krabby patty at Krusty Krabs for takeout and they ask if I want disposable utensils, I wave my hand and shake my head really hard and say “Thanks, but nooo way!” “I got knives and forks at home.  That way, there is less I have to throw away and I can still share my patty with Gary.  Right, Gary? “Meow”

Reuse
What do you use most? Skip disposables and get reusables.  Avoid single use plastic bottles and use reusable bottles! Fun fact! Some parks are installing water bottle filling stations to do their part! It's not just about water bottles, you can get creative and repurpose all sorts of things.  

Reduce
If you have to use disposable items, try to reduce how much stuff you use.Online shopping? Combine packages! For example, when getting groceries, bring your own handy dandy reusable bag.  Sometimes, when I can’t find my bag, (in a low whisper) “I use Gary’s shell”  Just don’t tell Gary! Baahahahahaha!  

Recycle
If you have to throw away something, learn about where you can recycle different items.  You might have different trash bins to throw away different items such as plastic, paper, food waste, and yard trimmings.  It’s not just about disposing things properly, you can also get creative with, “Imagination” (*creates a rainbow out of thin air).  My Ol’ Reliable, jelly fish net, is made of carbon fiber frame, titanium alloy net, and ergonomic silicone handle.  Other jellyfish nets can be made of bamboo, metal, and other recycled materials!  Even my house is recycled!  It’s made of pineapple, straw, and wood.  


Remember, everyone has to do their part!  You can practice the 4 R’s and volunteer to help reduce waste.  I’m ready! I’m ready! Are you?



Resources
Want to learn more and have fun activities to do with the family? Check out these links below!

Things to do at home, at the store, on the water on the shore.: Refuse, Reuse, Reduce, Recycle
https://marinedebris.noaa.gov/how-help/home

Plastic pollution key facts
https://oceanliteracy.unesco.org/plastic-pollution-ocean/

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MISS provides a community and funded opportunities for gender minorities of color who wish to enter the field of shark sciences. We aim to show that there are many gender minorities of color succeeding in and interested in this field.

​We fundraise and apply for grants to create paid opportunities to attempt to knock down the financial barrier into shark sciences. We encourage other organizations in our field to do the same.

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      • Diversifying Ocean Science
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